All screenshots in this guide were taken in inksaver. Does your oscilloscope provide the signal quality you need to measure with confidence. While its specific to that scope, it still provides a nice. Oscilloscope fundamentals case school of engineering. Page 1 1 2141274 electrical and electronic laboratory faculty of engineering chulalongkorn university cathoderay oscilloscope cro objectives you will be able to use an oscilloscope to measure voltage, frequency and phase on a variety of displayed waveforms introduction the oscilloscope is the basic instrument for the study of all types of waveforms. It does this by measuring the voltage drop across a resistor and in the process draws a small current.
In an oscilloscope, the crt produces the electron beam which is accelerated to a high velocity and brings to the focal point on a fluorescent screen. Sensors can convert these forces into electrical signals that. Lissajous figures are obtained with an oscilloscope when this is operated in xy mode and when in both channel 1 and 2 voltages are applied. An oscilloscope is an electronic test instrument that displays electrical signals graphically, usually as a voltage vertical or y axis versus time horizontal or x axis as shown in figure 1. Analogue storage scopes use a special cathode ray tube with a long persistence facility. Ga1102cal users manual a users manual for attens ga1102cal 100mhz oscilloscope. Oscilloscopes are a type of signal analyzerthey show the experimenter a picture of the signal, usually in the form of a. The front panel of the test equipment will typically have a number of items on it. This would enable the scan on the waveform to start at the same time on each cycle. The componentd in a cathode ray tube consists of a vacuum glass tube with an electron gun, a deflection system for deflecting the electron beam, and a flourescent coated screen.
Some introductory exercises for students in the advanced labs introduction so many of the experiments in the advanced labs make use of oscilloscopes and function generators that it is useful to learn their general operation. This presentation provides a basic walkthrough about oscilloscopes and their role in modern digital electronics. When set to 10x, the oscilloscope reading will be one tenth of the actual signal. Note what happens here when a technician attempts to connect the. After plugging in the oscilloscope, take a look at the front panel. For a digital signal you typically want to see the fifth harmonic. The controls for the oscilloscope are separated into four different vertical. This typically may take around a quarter of the space on the front panel or even a little more. The following should give the student some familiarisation with the function nora roberts novels pdf and uses of the cathode ray. Cro cathode ray oscilloscope working and applications. By deflecting the beam over the screen in response to the electrical signal.
The dates below mark the first and last year of appearance for an item in printed catalogs, or price lists. How to use an oscilloscope build electronic circuits. The oscilloscope is switched on by depress the onstby pushbutton before. Xyzs of oscilloscopes the oscilloscope is an essential tool if you plan to design or repair electronic equipment.
Analog oscilloscopes use a cathode ray tube and display the signal much like a television set displays an image. The main purpose of an oscilloscope is to graph an electrical signal as it varies over time. For example, lets take a 200 mhz signal with a 200 mhz clock rate. The following steps will describe how to automatically create a stable oscilloscope display using a 1 khz, 5 v pkpk square wave. This tube, is commonly used to obtain a visual display of. Nature moves in the form of a sine wave, be it an ocean wave, earthquake, sonic boom, explosion, sound through air, or the natural frequency of a body in motion. Also come to know about the basics of keeping your oscilloscope in top condition with basic best practices. An oscilloscope typically displays a given variable as a function of another variable. Press the front panel default setup button to set the oscilloscope to a known starting point. A signal the yellow sine wave in this case is graphed on a horizontal time axis and a vertical voltage axis.
When you use the alternate function, the two waveforms that you see are from. For these and many other situations, it is necessary to have a storage facility on the scope where it can display the trace for longer than would normally be possible. Manuals, service notes, brochures, and data sheets the historic rollout of hewlettpackard equipment is detailed below, along with our archive of equipment manuals, service notes, data sheets, brochures, and any available collector references. Typical oscilloscope controls, features, and theory of operation. The deflection of the oscilloscope beam is proportional to the input voltage. Energy, vibrating particles and other invisible forces pervade our physical uni verse. Signal integrity impacts all oscilloscope measurements. The digital storage oscilloscope is defined as the oscilloscope which stores and analysis the signal digitally, i. Then the test leads must be connected to the oscilloscope inputs. Key oscilloscope specifications some scopes are better than others. A scope samples the voltage and displays it on a screen that is. In order to properly measure out to the 5th harmonic, an oscilloscope with 1 ghz of bandwidth should be used. In order to use an oscilloscope to its best advantage, the technician and engineer should have a basic understanding of how an oscilloscope works as well as a good understanding of the oscilloscope s controls, features, and operating modes.
Because this is a twochannel scope there are two identical sets of vertical controls, one for each trace. Oscilloscope lexicon learning how to use an oscilloscope means being introduced to an entire lexicon of terms. Using digital technology it is able to provide much higher level of capability than analogues scopes could. Autoset tell the scope to examine the inputs and choose a best guess at reasonable input gain and timebase settings. Note that the scale is divided into regions for seconds, milliseconds and. Switch s2 allows the circuit to be triggered on either the a or b channel waveforms, or on line frequency, or on an external signal. There are a variety of controls associated wit the signal input or y axis on the cathode ray oscilloscope. Probe compensation before using the oscilloscope probe, the oscilloscope must be calibrated, or compensated, to account for the nonideal effects that the probe has on voltage measurements. Learn about the various important considerations that determine an oscilloscopes overall measurement quality. You should see a display similar to that shown in fig. On older analog scopes, these are mostly controlled by a dedicated switch for each function. Note in particular the presets for the trigger location on the screen. Notes bandwidth must be measured with either the oscilloscope s 50 ohm input selected or an external feed through line terminator fitted to the oscilloscope s input. In an oscilloscope, the crt generates the electron beam which are accelerated to a high velocity and brought to focus on a fluorescent screen.
Phys 112 the oscilloscope 3 the vertical system accepts input signals and develops appropriate deflection voltages for the crt. Learn how to choose the correct bandwidth oscilloscope for your application. Above this other types of oscilloscope are required. The oscilloscope, or scope for short, is a device for drawing calibrated graphs of. To calibrate bandwidth with the 3000 series select scope from the soft menu keys, then bandwidth. Click on the table of contents page 3 use the navigation at the top of each page to jump to sections or use the page forwardback arrows use the arrow keys on your keyboard use the scroll wheel on your mouse. The oscilloscope is an instrument that measures voltage over time. Beginner oscilloscope tutorial contd once youve learned the basic oscilloscope controls, here are a few other things that you should know about. Notes cathode ray oscilloscope pdf figure nokia 5233 pdf reader mobile9 4 shows the structure, and the main components of a cathode ray tube crt. Waveform measurements with digital oscilloscopes 12. The xyzs of oscilloscopes pdf a great indepth introduction to oscilloscopes. When your circuit is not working, it will help you figure out what is going on. Then switch on the instrument and afterward the device under test.
Display the first things that is noticed on an oscilloscope is the large display that is used for displaying the waveform. Check that the device under test is switched off and connect the test leads to the test points. Consider a simple sine wave electrical signal from some source as in fig. Committed to excellence california state university. The trigger control on the oscilloscope sets the point at which the scan on the waveform starts. An oscilloscope will normally have a large array of items on the exterior of the case. A shortish guide to using an oscilloscope an oscilloscope is a test instrument that allows you to see how the voltage at a point in a circuit varies with time. Example 7 on an accelerated electron see lesson 1 describes a portion of a cathode ray tube crt. Power up the msodpo2000 series oscilloscope by pressing the power button on the lower left corner of the instrument. A technician prepares to use an oscilloscope to display an ac voltage signal. Most scopes produce a twodimensional graph with time on the xaxis and voltage on the yaxis. Learn the different types of signals that an oscilloscope can analyze and the various types of oscilloscopes that have evolved over the time. The cathode ray oscilloscope introduction the following should give the student some familiarisation with the function and uses of the cathode ray oscilloscope c. On this page well introduce some of the important oscope buzzwords you should be familiar with before turning one on.
There is no shunting to ground, therefore line frequency fields radiated from fluorescent lighting and building wiring can result in more baseline noise on the oscilloscope reading. The digital oscilloscope takes an input signal, store them and then display it on the screen. In inexpensive, generalpurpose oscilloscopes, the left horizontal deflection plate looking toward the screen and the lower vertical deflection plate are sometimes connected to ground. The vertical gain control is the same on the cathode ray oscilloscope analogue oscilloscope as it is on digital ones. As described at the beginning of chapter 4 oscilloscope systems and controls, the front panel is typically divided into three main sections labeled vertical, horizontal, and trigger. As the frequency, amplitude and phase difference are altered, different patterns are seen on the screen of the cro. This is the xy mode and the oscilloscope operates from channel a as the. The oscilloscope oscilloscope operation x vs y mode an oscilloscope can be used to measure voltage. On analogue oscilloscopes, only when a certain voltage level had been reached by the waveform would the scan start. Digital oscilloscopes sample the signals digitally. The cro recruit the cathode ray tube and acts as a heat of the oscilloscope. Using averaging acquisition mode can mitigate this increase in baseline. Your oscilloscope may have other sections, depending on the model and type.
The most typical use case is the display of voltage versus time, where nearly all phenomena can be converted to electrical signals by using an appropriate converter. Oscilloscope basics guide a guide to oscilloscope operation, architecture and. Application of oscilloscope, oscillator and fundamental of oscillator. This guidebook is useful to those with little knowledge of oscilloscopes as well as the expe. Enable javascript and browser cookies for improved site capabilities and performance.
Energy, vibrating particles, and other invisible forces are everywhere in our physical universe. Using the transmille 3000 series oscilloscope calibration. In the lab we will use an oscilloscope to measure timevarying voltage waveforms. Knowing how to use an oscilloscope is very useful when building electronic circuits. Attach the patch cords to the function generator only. The oscilloscope recalls this setup the next time you run the software. A typical rule of thumb is that the bandwidth of the oscilloscope should be somewhere between 3x to 5x the clock frequency of the test signal. When set to 1x, the oscilloscope will display the actual signal to scale. The following block diagram shows the general purpose cro contraction.
This dual trace oscilloscope block diagram is similar to that of a single input oscilloscope. Enable browser cookies for improved site capabilities and performance. Note that the vertical scale is shown on the bottom of the screen. On digital scopes, there may be a pushbutton, but you may have to locate the options in a menu. This screen produces a visible spot where the electron beam strikes it. Basic oscilloscope operation this worksheet and all related. How to use an oscilloscope youtube great oscope explanation straight from the makers of scopes tektronix. You can use the save setup menu to permanently save up to several different setups. The oscilloscope is a useful tool in many physics experiments. Load setup the oscilloscope can recall the last setup before the oscilloscope software was running, any saved setups, or the factory setup.